Ali  Mirzaei, Nooshin  Mirzaei, 
    Comparison of the<I> Artemia Salia </I>and<I> Artemia Uramiana</I> Bioassays for Toxicity of 4 Iranian Medicinal Plants,
    Research Journal of Biological Sciences,
    Volume 8,Issue 1,
    2013,
    Pages 11-16,
    ISSN 1815-8846,
    rjbsci.2013.11.16,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjbsci.2013.11.16)
    Abstract: For evaluation of 4 Iranian medicinal plant toxicity brine 
  shrimp lethality assays<I> Artemia salina </I>and<I> Artemia uramiana</I> bioassay 
  were used. <I>A. urmiana</I> and <I>A. salina</I> eggs were purchased and kept 
  in a hatching chamber that containing artificial sea water for preparation of 
  nauplii. The active nauplii were collected for study after 48 h. The <I>Plantago 
  major</I>, <I>Artemisia maritime</I>, <I>Mentha piperita</I> and <I>Borago officinalis</I> 
  were prepared in Yasuj, Iran and individually extracted with methanol, hexane 
  and ethyl acetate by Soxhlet apparatus. The toxicity rate of extracts was estimated 
  on the basis of the number of dead nauplii or mortality rate by<I> Artemia salina 
  </I>and<I> Artemia uramiana</I>. LC<SUB>50</SUB> values with 95% confidence 
  intervals were determined by the probit analysis. All extracts, exception of 
  <I>B. officinalis</I> displayed 100% mortality at 1000 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP> 
  by<I> A. urmiana </I>and<I> A. salina</I>. Ethyl acetate extract was the most 
  potent and presented the highest percentage of mortality with the lowest LC<SUB>50</SUB> 
  values by both assays too. After ethyl acetate, hexane extract showed the highest 
  toxicity; however the methanol extract exhibited the lowest mortality. According 
  to<I> A. urmiana </I>and<I> A. salina</I> toxicity results, trend of the extracts<I> 
  P. major</I>&gt;<I>A. maritima</I>&gt;<I>M. piperita</I>&gt;<I>B. officinalis 
  </I>was reported. There was a positive correlation between the results from 
  <I>A. urmiana</I> and<I> A. salina</I>, for detecting plants toxicity with a 
  Pearson correlation of R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.989. <I>A. uramiana</I> assay is valuable 
  for the screening of plant extracts to detect of toxicity.
    Keywords: Artemia salina;Artemia uramiana;medicinal plant;toxicity;Plantago major