H.A.  Al-Domi, Z.W.  Jaradat, R.M.  Jones, Q.O.  Ababneh, 
    Investigating Immune Responses to Putative Diabetogenic Modified Bovine Proteins Subjected to Microwave Heating among Young Jordanian Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,
    Research Journal of Biological Sciences,
    Volume 5,Issue 8,
    2010,
    Pages 521-528,
    ISSN 1815-8846,
    rjbsci.2010.521.528,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjbsci.2010.521.528)
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of household Microwave Heating (MWH) on the immunogenicity of a putative diabetogenic protein among young Jordanian diabetic children. Bovine serum albumin (1 mg mL<SUP>-1</SUP>) was modified at physiological pH (7.4) by incubating with equal volume of bovine insulin (1 mg mL<SUP>-1</SUP>) at 37&deg;C for 24 h. The developed modified Bovine Serum Albumin with Bovine Insulin (mBI-BSA) was subjected to MWH for 30, 60, 90 and 120 sec, cooled immediately to 0&deg;C prior to analysis. Blood samples were collected from 76 diabetic and healthy children. Sera were tested for presence of antibodies against mBI-BSA by ELISA. Anti-BSA, anti-mBI-BSA and anti-microwave heated mBI-BSA antibodies were detected in diabetic and healthy children. The difference between groups was insignificant (p&lt;0.05). Anti-mBI-BSA antibodies were significantly higher than that produced against native BSA (p&gt;0.05) with no significant difference between groups. The difference in sera and saliva titers against mBI-BSA between diabetic children and their control was insignificant (p&gt;0.05).The effect of MWH with different exposure times on anti-mBI-BSA was nearly similar to that produced against un heated mBI with no significant difference between groups.
    Keywords: BSA;insulin;immunogenicity;diabetes;autoimmune;protein