G.A. Scardina  , A. Ruggieri  , F. Carini  , V. Valenza  , P. Messina  , 
    Macrolides Antibiotics in Odontostomatological Practice: Past, Present and Future,
    Research Journal of Biological Sciences,
    Volume 2,Issue 6,
    2007,
    Pages 643-649,
    ISSN 1815-8846,
    rjbsci.2007.643.649,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjbsci.2007.643.649)
    Abstract: Macrolides are considered the second choice in the odontostomatological practice especially in case of allergic reactions to the most important and well-known group of a-lactams. This group of antibiotics are more diffused in the daily practice of dentistry but during the time macrolides have shown a big potential in constant increasing. In this study, we report a review of the major features of these antibiotics which have become in the time farmacological choice effective and reliable versus bacterial infections supported by a-hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci, enterococci, mycoplasma, mycobacteria, some rickettsia and chlamydia. Furthermore, we refer about the recent researches that show the anti-inflammatory potentiality of the macrolides and the recent discoveries on the new pharmacological targets to exceed the problem of the bacterial resistance: the efflux pumps. Finally, we expose about a new class of antibiotic derived directly by the macrolides: Ketolides. They represent the future of the macrolides.
    Keywords: Antibiotics;macrolides;efflux pumps;bacterial resistance;multidrug resistance;ketolides;telithromycin