@article{MAKHILLRJBS20094910985,
    title = {A Survey and Comparison of Team Cohesion, Role Ambiguity, Athletic Performance and Hardiness in Elite and non Elite Football Players},
    journal = {Research Journal of Biological Sciences},
    volume = {4},
    number = {9},
    pages = {1010-1015},
    year = {2009},
    issn = {1815-8846},
    doi = {rjbsci.2009.1010.1015},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-8846&doi=rjbsci.2009.1010.1015},
    author = {Akbar,Mozaffar and},
    keywords = {Team cohesion,role ambiguity,hardiness,athletic performance,elite football players,non-elite football players},
    abstract = {The aim of this study is to review and compare team cohesion, role ambiguity, athletic performance and hardiness in elite and non-elite football players. Statistical sample includes 140 randomly chosen Iranian elite and non-elite football players in 2009. Data collection tools include scale of team cohesion, role ambiguity, hardiness and functioning checklist of players. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and meaningful relation between athletic performance and team cohesion (r = 0.366) and hardiness (r = 0.426), but it has a negative and meaningful relation with role ambiguity (r = 0.274). There is positive relation between team cohesion and hardiness (r = 0.543) and negative and meaningful relation with role ambiguity (r = 0.577) and the relation between hardiness and role ambiguity (r = 0.592) proved to be negative and meaningful. Also, the results showed that in champion and non-champion players, the variables of team cohesion, hardiness, role ambiguity and athletic performance are meaningfully different (p = 0.05). That is the mean score of team cohesion, hardiness, performance in champions are higher than non-champion athletes but role ambiguity is lower in champions.}
    }