@article{MAKHILLTC20201538461,
    title = {Correlations of Glycated Hemoglobin with Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Levels in
Non-Diabetics Adults},
    journal = {The Cardiology},
    volume = {15},
    number = {3},
    pages = {21-25},
    year = {2020},
    issn = {1811-8194},
    doi = {tcard.2020.21.25},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1811-8194&doi=tcard.2020.21.25},
    author = {Ibrahim},
    keywords = {Systolic BP,HbA1c,diabetes,Diastolic BP},
    abstract = {Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) is now used
largely for DM control. Hb A<sub>1c</sub> is influenced by many risk
factors; these include Body Mass Index (BMI), physical
activity, age, ethnicity, diet, smoking and Blood Pressure
(BP). Previous studies showed that that the levels of
HbA<sub>1C</sub> a showed continuous relationship with
cardiovascular disease and hypertension. The objective of
this study is to investigate the correlation between the
blood pressure levels as determinants of glycated
hemoglobin in non-diabetic Sudanese population. A cross
sectional study was conducted during 2016-2018 in Sudan
covering Khartoum state, Northern state, Gezira state,
Red Sea state and North Darfur state, on adults of ages
between 20-60 years and not known to be diabetic or
suffering from any chronic illness. The 1096 participants
were assessed by a questionnaire covering age, gender
and other demographic and social characteristics. BMI
and BP was calculated by standard scales. A sample
of 5 mL venous blood was taken for FBG to exclude DM
and measurement of HbA<sub>1c</sub> using a modified ELISA
reader known as Cobas Integra 800 (Roch) machine.
Correlations between the variables were estimated and
p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. The
overall mean value of HbA<sub>1c</sub> was 4.6%&plusmn;0.9 with a
minimum value of 1.2% and maximums of 6.3. At 95%
confidence interval the lower bound Mean was 4.5% and
the upper bound mean was 4.7%. The mean of systolic
and diastolic blood pressure levels was found to be
114.7%&plusmn;11.9 and 75.8%&plusmn;8.5, respectively. There was no
correlation was observed between HbA<sub>1c</sub> with age and
BMI (r) = 0.009, -0.032 and the p = 0.7, 0.33,
respectively. There was no correlation between
HbA<sub>1c</sub> with DBP. There was significant negative
correlation between HbA<sub>1c</sub> with pulse rate and
systolic blood pressure (r) = -0.160 and -0.063 with
significant p = 0.00 and 0.049, respectively. In conclusion
HbA<sub>1c</sub> can be utilized as a prognostic factor for heart
failure, cardiac muscles disorders, coronary artery
disease, stroke and death before the diagnosis of diabetes.}
    }